Distribution and Bioavailability

2007

Kawakami Y, Tsuzuki T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T (2007) Distribution of tocotrienols in rats fed a rice bran tocotrienol concentrate. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71(2): 464-71
 
 
2006

Patel V, Khanna S, Roy S, Ezziddin O, Sen CK (2006)  Natural vitamin E alpha - tocotrienol: Retention in vital organs in response to long-term oral supplementation and withdrawal.  Free Radical Research 40: 763-71.

Rasool AH, Yuen KH, Yusoff K, Wong AR, Rahman AR (2006) Dose dependent elevation of plasma toicotrienol levels and its effect on arterial compliance, plasma total antioxidant status, and lipid profile in healthy humans supplemented with tocotrienol rich vitamin E. Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 52(6):473-8.

Fairus S, Nor RM, Cheng HM, Sundram K. (2006) Postprandial metabolic fate of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E differs significantly from that of alpha-tocopherol. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84(4):835-42.

Khosla P, Patel V, Whinter JM, Khanna S, Rakhkovskaya M, Roy S, Sen CK (2006) Postprandial levels of the natural vitamin E tocotrienol in human circulation. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 8(5-6): 1059-68.

         

2004

Saito Y, Yoshida Y, Nishio K, Hayakawa M, Niki E (2004) Characterization of cellular uptake and distribution of vitamin E. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1031: 368-75.

Tanito M, Itoh N, Yoshida Y, Hayakawa M, Ohira A, Niki E (2004) Distribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols to rat ocular tissues after topical ophthalmic administration. Lipids 39(5): 469-74.

Yap SP, Yuen KH (2004) Influence of lipolysis and droplet size on tocotrienol absorption from self-emulsifying formulations. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 281(1-2): 67-78.

Constantinides PP, Tustian A, Kessler DR (2004) Tocol emulsions for drug solubilization and parenteral delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56(9): 1243-55.

 

2003

Ikeda S, Tohyama T, Yoshimura H, Hamamura K, Abe K, Yamashita K (2003) Dietary alpha-tocopherol decreases alpha-tocotrienol but not gamma-tocotrienol concentration in rats.

Journal of Nutrition 133(2): 428-34.

Yap SP, Yuen KH, Lim AB (2003) Influence of route of administration on the absorption and disposition of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 55(1): 53-8.

         

2002

Yamashita K, Ikeda S, Iizuka Y, Ikeda I (2002) Effect of sesaminol on plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol concentrations in rats fed a vitamin E concentrate rich in tocotrienols. Lipids 37(4): 351-8.

Okabe M, Oji M, Ikeda I, Tachibana H, Yamada K (2002) Tocotrienol levels in various tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats after intragastric administration of tocotrienols. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66(8): 1768-71.

        

2001

Ikeda S, Toyoshima K, Yamashita K (2001) Dietary sesame seeds elevate alpha- and gamma-tocotrienol concentrations in skin and adipose tissue of rats fed the tocotrienol-rich fraction extracted from palm oil. Journal of Nutrition 131(11): 2892-7.

Yap SP, Yuen KH, Wong JW (2001) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols under different food status. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 53(1): 67-71.

Ikeda S, Niwa T, Yamashita K (2000) Selective uptake of dietary tocotrienols into rat skin. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 46(3): 141-3.

 

1998

Surai PF, Speake BK (1998) Selective excretion of yolk-derived tocotrienols into the bile of the chick embryo. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121(4): 393-6.

Traber MG, Rallis M, Podda M, Weber C, Maibach HI, Packer L (1998) Penetration and distribution of alpha-tocopherol, alpha- or gamma-tocotrienols applied individually onto murine skin. Lipids 33(1): 87-91.

  

1996

Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E, Sugano M (1996) Lymphatic transport of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherol in rats. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 66(3): 217-21.

 

1993

Hayes KC, Pronczuk A, Liang JS (1993) Differences in the plasma transport and tissue concentrations of tocopherols and tocotrienols: observations in humans and hamsters. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 202(3): 353-9.